Cluster analysis
Reading volume inside a candle, price level by price level.
Cluster analysis is a way of looking at the market not by the whole candle but by what happened inside it at each price. The tool for that is the footprint: it shows how much volume traded at a level into the bid and how much into the ask. That reveals what an ordinary chart cannot: absorption by a large order, aggressor imbalance, the level where initiative changed hands. It is reliable where volume is centralised: exchange futures and crypto.